很多人會在開始分不清introduction和background的區(qū)別。

舉個(gè)簡單例子，

Known worldwide for it's magnificent Eiffel Tower, France has so much more to offer in magnificence.

France is a European country situated between England and Spain. The dominant language is, of course, French. The country also borders the Pyrenees Mountains to the southwest, and Italy to the southeast.

? state the general topic and give some background

? provide a review of the literature related to the topic

? define the terms and scope of the topic

一般來說上面藍(lán)色字體的三個(gè)部分，是應(yīng)該在平時(shí)的積累中完成的。

列舉一下目前的研究狀況

涉及到不同的研究方法，一定會討論A和B有哪些優(yōu)勢和劣勢。其中研究的盲點(diǎn)是什么，而你的研究就是要合理的解決這些gaps。

闡明你研究的重要性

寫清楚研究問題和要解決的問題

寫明研究的目標(biāo)和研究對象

列舉一下假設(shè)

最后介紹一下全文的結(jié)構(gòu)

介紹一下用到的研究或?qū)嶒?yàn)方法

六個(gè)層次“公式”即：背景；現(xiàn)狀及分歧；目的；原因；意義；outline。具體寫作層次如下：

描述這個(gè)所選topic的背景和重要性

舉個(gè)梨子：

/ 第二層次 /

在這一部分不僅要對前人的研究做簡要說明，還要總結(jié)這些文獻(xiàn)的gap，也就是目前的研究中都存在哪些爭議，或者沒有涉及到的研究。

/ 第三層次 /

簡單來說，“原因”就是由于以前的文獻(xiàn)沒有關(guān)于這方面的研究，所以你要進(jìn)行哪方面的研究；或者做這項(xiàng)研究能夠帶來什么benefit。

“While measuring these effects may be challenging, establishing the attitudes of students and academic staff towards part-time jobs for students could provide a valuable insight into how they feel employment affects academic achievement.”

列出此次研究的目的

This study aims to investigate the feelings of students and academic staff in relation to students doing part-time work. It also aims to analyse the findings of the research in order to establish the advantages and disadvantages that such work may have for students.

解釋本次研究的意義或價(jià)值

繼續(xù)舉個(gè)梨子：

/ 第六層次 /

本文首先做什么，其次做什么，最后做什么，這樣導(dǎo)師在沒有讀main body的時(shí)候就知道你的論文是如何架構(gòu)的

"This research project will first provide a review of some existing literature and analysis of the topic of part-time work for students. It will then describe the methods used in my own primary research. After this, it will analyse and evaluate the findings of this research before drawing any important conclusions and recommendations."